Mary Eliza Walker Crump
*The birth of Mary Eliza Walker Crump is celebrated on this date in 1857. She was a Black contralto singer and Choir manager.
Mary Eliza Walker was born in slavery near Nashville, Tennessee. "My mother belonged to Wesley Greenfield and my father to John W. Walker of Nashville," she wrote in an 1873 publication. Her father owned an icehouse after the American Civil War. When Walker was thirteen, she became one of the original eleven Fisk Jubilee Singers. White missionary and music professor George L. White organized the group at the Fisk School in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1871.
Other original members of the group were Maggie Porter and Ella Sheppard. They toured together, in various permutations, from 1871 to 1878, including concerts in England and Germany, singing Black spirituals and songs by white composer Stephen Foster. Their performances raised money for their school and eventually built Jubilee Hall on the Nashville campus. Their audiences included Queen Victoria, Ulysses S. Grant, Henry Ward Beecher, Mark Twain, and Dwight L. Moody.
After the original group disbanded in 1878, Walker lived in Chicago and managed the Walker Jubilee Singers, also billed as Walker's Famous Jubilee Singers. They toured and performed similarly. They were also a popular act on the Chautauqua circuit. In 1921, she attended the Fisk Jubilee Singers' fiftieth-anniversary observance as one of the four remaining members. Walker married fellow singer Thomas H. Crump; he died in 1922.
Mary Eliza Walker Crump died on August 6, 1928, in Chicago. Ambrose Caliver, the president of Fisk University, sent a letter to be read at her funeral, saying, "Fisk University rejoices in the complete fruition of a life so full of beauty and service. The gradual closing of the ranks of the first Jubilee Singers grieves us beyond measure, but we shall always cherish the memory of those who helped to make Fisk possible." In 1978, fifty years after she died, Eliza Walker and the other original members of the Fisk Jubilee Singers were granted posthumous honorary Doctor of Music degrees from Fisk University.
