People, Locations, Episodes

Black History and American College Football, a story

U. of Mich. (1890) George Jewett (center)

American College football is in the air, and Black involvement at the collegiate level is rich with historical tradition.

It is a fact that Historically, Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) were, for many years, the essence of Black college football.  Black football players were not welcome on white campuses until the late 1950s and 1960s in the Deep South, although there were a few exceptions to this 'Whites Only' rule. William Henry Lewis and William Tecumseh played and excelled at Amherst and Harvard in late 1889. Also, George Jewett was the starting fullback at the University of Michigan in 1890.

The first Black college football game occurred in North Carolina in 1892 when Biddle College defeated Livingston College. By the turn of the last century, several major school rivalries had developed, including Virginia Union v. Virginia State, Tuskegee v. Talladega, and Fisk v. Meharry. In the 1920s, Tuskegee had the most dominant Black college program. In the 1930s, Morgan State was the nation's premier Black college football power.  Racism continued segregating black players from whites in America throughout the 1940s and 1950s.  Several Black players managed to continue breaking racial barriers.  Willie Thrower (Michigan State University) was the first Black quarterback in the Big Ten Conference.

In 1955, Cal Jones of the University of Iowa became the first Black to win the Outland Trophy, an award recognizing the best lineman in the nation.   The following year, Jim Parker of Ohio State won.  By 1960, some of the most racist southern universities found themselves on the losing side of battles with integrated teams. Since 1970, Blacks have won most of the annual Heisman Trophies and several of the most recent Outland Trophies.

In 1979, Willie Jeffries became the first Black head coach at a predominantly white school at Wichita State. This was followed by Dennis Green, who led Northwestern from 1981 to 1985. More black coaches are being hired for major college positions, although there are still qualified coaches who aren’t considered due to the institution’s continuing color barrier. In 2003, when Notre Dame's Tyrone Willingham and Michigan State's Bobby Williams shook hands on a football field in East Lansing, Mich., it was a rare moment: At the time, the two of them, old friends, represented one-half of the African American head coaches among the 117 major college programs in America.

Most of the country's top programs have predominantly Black football teams.  A check of Division I-A coaching staffs reveals little significant change soon among prominent college head coaches. More than 43% of players at that level are Black, but in 2020, at college football’s top level, there are 13 African American head coaches at FBS schools, down from 15 two years ago and roughly in line with the NFL’s puny numbers (three out of 32).