On this date, we mark the birth of Clarence Edouard Muse, born in 1889. He was a Black lawyer, writer, director, composer, and actor.
From Baltimore, MD. After high school, Muse earned a degree in International Law from The Dickinson School of Law of Pennsylvania in 1911. Disgusted with Black lawyers' poor opportunities, he went into show business. Muse appeared as an opera singer, minstrel show performer, vaudeville, and Broadway actor; he also wrote songs, plays, and sketches. An active participant in the burgeoning Black theater movement of the 1920s, Muse was a member of the progressive all-Black Lincoln Players.
His Hollywood film assignments generally confined him to stereotypes, though Muse was usually able to rise above the shuffling "yassuh, boss" portrayals required of him. He was given dignified, erudite roles in films designed for all Black audiences. Muse also composed the songs and co-wrote the story for the 1938 Bobby Breen musical "Way Down South." He also composed "When It's Sleepy Time Down South," Louis Armstrong's theme song.
"Broken Strings," 1939, was one, and on occasion, he was allowed to portray non-submissive roles in mainstream films. (It must have come as quite a shock to southern audiences in 1941 when Muse, playing Bela Lugosi's independent-minded butler in "The Invisible Ghost," spoke harshly to a white female servant, addressing her as "you old fool!") During World War II, he served as a member of the Hollywood Victory Committee, arranged the appearances of stars overseas, and made hospital tours to entertain wounded soldiers.
In 1953, Muse married for the second time to a Jamaican, Irene Kellerman. Though he was an outspoken advocate for better and more equitable treatment for Black performers, Muse staunchly supported the controversial TV series "Amos 'N' Andy." He pointed out that, despite the caricatured leading characters, the series allowed Black actors to play doctors, bankers, judges, professors, and other parts generally denied them in "white" shows. In 1955, Muse was a regular on the weekly TV version of "Casablanca," playing Sam the pianist (a role he nearly got in the 1942 film version), and in 1959, he appeared in the film "Porgy and Bess." Other film credits include "Buck and the Preacher" (1972) and "Car Wash" (1976).
In 1973, Clarence Muse was inducted into the Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame, then returned to work, remaining active in films until he died in 1979 when he was featured in "The Black Stallion."
