People, Locations, Episodes

Fannie Williams, Social Reformer born

Fannie Williams

*This date marks the birth of Fannie Barrier Williams in 1855. From Brockport, N.Y., she was a Black social reformer, lecturer, and clubwoman.

Williams graduated from the local State Normal School (now the State University of New York College at Brockport) in 1870. Thereafter, she taught in freedmen's schools in the South and Washington, D.C. She also studied for periods at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston and at the School of Fine Arts in Washington, D.C.

While helping her lawyer husband establish his practice in Chicago in the late 1880s (at one time, he was a partner of Ferdinand Lee Barnett, husband of Ida B. Wells-Barnett), she became active in civic affairs. Williams helped organize Provident Hospital and its Training School for Nurses, interracial institutions, in 1891. In May 1893, she addressed "The Intellectual Progress of the Colored Women of the United States since the Emancipation Proclamation" to the World's Congress of Representative Women (held in conjunction with the World's Colombian Exposition).

In September, she addressed the World's Parliament of Religions. These two public appearances brought her national recognition, and for a decade or more afterward, she was in great demand as a lecturer. Also, in 1893, she helped founded the National League of Colored Women and remained a leader in its successor organization, the National Association of Colored Women. In 1894, Williams was proposed for membership in the prestigious Chicago Woman's Club. Debate within the club raged for over a year; one of Williams' stoutest supporters was Dr. Sarah Stevenson.

In 1895, Williams became the club's first Black member. She wrote regularly for the Chicago Record-Herald and the New York Age and worked quietly in many ways to open new opportunities to Black women. From 1900, she became an outspoken supporter of Booker T. Washington's program of accommodation and self-improvement. In 1924, the widowed Williams became the first woman and African American to be named to the Chicago Library Board. In 1926, she returned to her native Brockport, where she died on March 4, 1944.