George Simkins statue
*On this date in 1957, Simkins v. City of Greensboro was decided.
This case required the City of Greensboro, North Carolina, to cease discriminating based on race at its Gillespie Park Golf Club, despite leasing the club to a private organization. The Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the decision.
In December 1955, six Black men (Leon Wolfe, George Simkins, Jr., Philip Cook, Sam Murray, Elijah Herring, and Joseph Sturdivant) attended the Gillespie Golf Course in Greensboro, North Carolina, built with public funds. The six paid the greens fees and began to play despite being told they would not be allowed to. That night, the six were charged with trespassing and convicted in February 1956; however, the conviction was set aside by the North Carolina Supreme Court in June of the following year. The trespassing charges that had begun this story were later retried, and all six men, often referred to as the Greensboro Six, were found guilty; however, records of this trial and injunction were withheld in that case. The sentences of the six men were later commuted.
Simkins, who had been one of the six, filed the present case in Federal District Court and obtained an injunction in March 1957 against the golf course, preventing it from operating on a discriminatory basis. That ruling was appealed to the Fourth Circuit. In a per curiam ruling, the Court found that the injunction had been granted correctly and that, while the city could sell the property in a bona fide sale, it could not simply avoid the prohibition on discrimination through leasing the property. saying, "The right of citizens to use the public property without discrimination on the ground of race may not be abridged by the mere leasing of the property." Rather than desegregating its golf courses, the city sold them.
