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Joseph Rainey, Congressman born

Joseph Rainey

Joseph Rainey was born on this date in 1832. A former slave, he was also a Black politician.

The son of a barber who bought the family’s freedom, Joseph Hayne Rainey, was born in Georgetown, S.C. He received private schooling and took up his father's trade in Charleston.  During the American Civil War, he was forced to work on the fortifications in Charleston harbor but managed to escape to the West Indies, where he remained until the end of the war in 1865.

Upon his return to South Carolina, during the Reconstruction era, he was a delegate to the state constitutional convention (1868) and served briefly in the state Senate.  Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1870, he was re-elected four times, the longest tenure in the House of any Black during the 19th century.  While in office, he dedicated himself to passing civil-rights legislation, pressing the interests of Blacks and other nonwhites, including the Native Americans and the Chinese in California.

Upon leaving the House in 1879, he was appointed U.S. Internal Revenue Agent of South Carolina. He resigned from that post in 1881 to engage in banking and brokerage enterprises in Washington, D.C.  Joseph Rainey, the first black man to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives, died August 2, 1887, in Georgetown, D.C.

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